... objects¹

As an aid to observational cosmologists, de Ruiter has made available a collection of cosmological formulas. For a number of models (the standard Friedmann model, flat models with non-zero cosmological constant, and some more exotic ones) distances, volumes and look-back times are given as a function of redshift. An updated version (in PDF format) can be consulted at (or downloaded from) the WEB-site: http://www.bo.astro.it/$\sim$deruiter/cosmo/

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... VIMOS²

http://www.oamp.fr/virmos/

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... Survey''³

http://www.arcetri.astro.it/$\sim$k20/

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... ratio⁴

$X/O=\log{\frac{f_X}{f_R}}=\log{f_X}+C+\frac{R}{2.5}$

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