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Cellone, S.A., Buzzoni, A.:
"On the shape of luminosity profile of dwarf galaxies as a distance indicator: the NGC 5044 group revisited",
2001, Astron. Astrophys., 369, 742.

Summary:
We discuss the main error sources in profile fitting procedures for galaxies with more than one physical component. New optical observations of the dwarf galaxy N50 in the NGC5044 group are presented in this regard showing that this object may be at an intermediate evolutionary stage between blue compact dwarfs (BCDs) and dwarf ellipticals (dEs).



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Figure 1 - V band surface brightness profiles of galaxies N42 (top) and N29 (bottom). Sersic law fits are shown as solid lines. Small ticks show the inner and the two outer (σ _SKY and σ /2_SKY) radius cutoffs in C99 model fitting. Crosses show the bulge component of N42 after model subtraction. The fitting shape parameter N results 1.43 for N42 and 0.54 for N29.
Figure 2 - Top: 1' x 1' contour plot (g band) of N50. The faintest and brightest contours displayed are 25 and 20 mag/", respectively, with 0.25 mag/" separation between concentric contour levels. North is up and East to the left. Bottom left: greyscale plot after subtraction of a Sersic model. Orientation and scale are the same as in the upper panel. Bottom right: Enlarged view (15" x 15") of the central region with identification for the knots (see Table 1).
Figure 3 - Top: The g-band surface brightness profile of N50. Error bars account for photometric errors and uncertainties in the sky level. Bottom: The resulting (g − i) colour profile of the galaxy.
Figure 4 - (Main panel) - Two-colour diagram comparing N50 integrated (g − r) and (g − i) (big open dot) with the stellar Main Sequence from the Vilnius spectral atlas (star markers) and with Buzzoni's (1998, 2000) 15 Gyr galaxy models for different Hubble types, as labelled top left. (Insert panel) - N50 aperture photometry (solid dots) and individual colours of the visible knots in the galaxy central region (open dots with identification labels according to Table 1. Aperture photometry is for circular spots at 2.5", 10", and 30" from galaxy centre. Colours become bluer at larger distance. Buzzoni's (1989) SSP evolutionary sequences for 5, 10, and 15 Gyr (in the sense of redder colours) are superposed (thin solid lines). Model metallicity is for [Fe/H] = -0.25 (squares), 0.0 (triangles) and +0.3 (stars). A reddening vector for E(B-V) = 0.03 mag is displayed top left in the panel.
Figure 5 - Composite spectral energy distribution of galaxy N50. The CASLEO spectrum, in the range 3500 ≤ λ ≤ 4400 A has been matched to ESO observations (4400 ≤ λ ≤ 6300 A) while integrated g, r, i, and z Gunn magnitudes have been converted into monochromatic fluxes. Absolute flux calibration reproduces galaxy energy distribution within the central 15" aperture. Two SSP models from Buzzoni (1989), with [Fe/H] = -0.25 and age 5 and 15 Gyrs, are superposed on the plot (thin solid lines, the older model is the ``redder'' one).
Figure 6 - Expected (B − V) and (g − r) star-burst colour evolution according to Buzzoni (1989, 1998). Three different values for [Fe/H] = -0.3, 0.0 (solid lines), and +0.3 are displayed, as labelled on the (B − V) plot. The indicative age distribution of the N50 central knots is also reported in the (g − r) plot (assuming [Fe/H] = -0.25). Note that, in general, even any massive starburst episode older than 2 Gyr, superposed to a galaxy old stellar component would not be able to turn integrated colours bluer than (B − V = 0.7 still allowing galaxy to be recognized as a quiescent ``standard'' elliptical according to the YC00 colour selection criterium.
Figure 7 - Shape parameter (N) vs. pseudo scalelength (α) for two galaxies in the Cellone (1999) NGC 5044 Group sample and a simulated N > 1 model. Bars represent the spanned range of the (N, α) parameters after varying the sky level by ± 20% of the sky rms. The dashed line is the Young and Currie (2001) polynomial fit to Fornax Cluster dwarfs. Dotted lines are galaxy loci for different constant luminosity (see text for details).



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AB/May 2005