High resolution X-ray observations of galaxies with Chandra have
opened a new era for the study of their X-ray components and
evolution. These observations probe the effects of gravity and
feedback, the two forces that are believed to shape the evolution of
galaxies. In this talk I will review these results and discuss their
importance for the study of the evolution of X-ray binary populations
in different types of galaxies and environments; the properties of the
hot ISM and the effects of SF and AGN feedback; and overall galaxy
evolution.