First ISO and more recently Spitzer has dispelled the idea that dust
is absent in star formation in low-metallicity environments. While
some metal-poor dwarf galaxies in the Local Universe are not
particularly dusty, others show significant amounts of dust emission,
usually associated with high star-formation rates. This presentation
investigates the reasons behind this "dichotomy" and proposes that
metallicity is not the only driver of star-formation properties either
in the Local Universe, or at high redshift.